Aplicações terapêuticas do Ginkgo Biloba
uma revisão integrativa
Palavras-chave:
Ginkgo biloba, Planta medicinal, FitoterápicoResumo
Os fitoquímicos de plantas têm sido fundamentais na descoberta de novos medicamentos, como o Ginkgo biloba, considerada um “fóssil vivo”, utilizada a mais de 2000 anos na medicina tradicional chinesa, sendo originária do Japão, Coréia e China. Das folhas de Ginkgo biloba são extraídos diversos metabólitos responsáveis pelos efeitos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios, antitumorais, antihiperglicêmicos e antiplaquetários, melhora da circulação sanguínea e funções neuroprotetoras, como os flavonoides, terpenóides, biflavonas, ácidos orgânicos, entre outros. Pesquisas recentes indicam que o EGb761 (extrato do Ginkgo biloba) possui diversas funções no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, retinopatia diabética, Alzheimer, demência, ansiedade, vertigem e zumbido, além de aliviar fibrose hepática, pulmonar e renal. Este estudo é uma revisão integrativa, iniciada no segundo semestre de 2024, realizado a partir de pesquisas em bases de dados como SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE e Google Acadêmico. Foram utilizadas palavras-chave como “Ginkgo biloba”, “usos terapêuticos do Ginkgo biloba”, “flavonoides” e “terpenoides”, com seleção de artigos focados na utilização terapêutica do EGb, com prioridade para publicações recentes (2020-2024) em português, inglês e espanhol.
Referências
ABD-ELDAYEM, Ahmed M. et al. Therapeutic versus preventative use of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Molecules, v. 27, n. 17, p. 5598, 2022.
AHMAD, Rizwan et al. The dietary supplement of Ginkgo biloba: a comprehensive review of its potential interactions based on pre-clinical and clinical evidences. Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, v. 20, n. 6, 2021.
AKABERI, Maryam et al. Ginkgo biloba: an update review on pharmacological, ethnobotanical, and phytochemical studies. Pharmacological Research-Modern Chinese Medicine, p. 100331, 2023.
AKANCHISE, Thelma; ANGELOVA, Angelina. Ginkgo biloba and long COVID: in vivo and in vitro models for the evaluation of nanotherapeutic efficacy. Pharmaceutics, v. 15, n. 5, p. 1562, 2023.
AL‐KURAISHY, Hayder M. et al. Ginkgo biloba in the management of the COVID‐19 severity. Archiv der Pharmazie, v. 355, n. 10, p. 2200188, 2022.
BANERJEE, Swapan. Safety concerns of dietary and herbal supplements for typical patients. Int J Pharm Chem Anal, v. 8, n. 4, p. 141-144, 2021.
BARBALHO, Sandra Maria et al. Ginkgo biloba in the aging process: A narrative review. Antioxidants, v. 11, n. 3, p. 525, 2022.
BARRETO, Victor Gomes; COLLI, Luciana Ferreira Mattos; DE ANDRADE, Leonardo Guimarães. DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES NA UTILIZAÇÃO DE FITOTERÁPICOS NO TRATAMENTO DA DIABETES. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação, v. 10, n. 5, p. 3933-3941, 2024.
BIERNACKA, Patrycja; ADAMSKA, Iwona; FELISIAK, Katarzyna. The potential of Ginkgo biloba as a source of biologically active compounds—a review of the recent literature and patents. Molecules, v. 28, n. 10, p. 3993, 2023.
BOATENG, Isaac Duah. Polyprenols in Ginkgo biloba; a review of their chemistry (synthesis of polyprenols and their derivatives), extraction, purification, and bioactivities. Food Chemistry, p. 136006, 2023.
BOATENG, Isaac Duah; YANG, Xiao-Ming. Ginkgo biloba L. seed; A comprehensive review of bioactives, toxicants, and processing effects. Industrial Crops and Products, v. 176, p. 114281, 2022.
CUI, Mei et al. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® improves cognition and overall condition after ischemic stroke: results from a pilot randomized trial. Frontiers in pharmacology, v. 14, p. 1147860, 2023.
DA SILVA, Michele Cristina; DA SILVA COLINO, Priscilla; NETO, João Gomes Pontes. Interações medicamentosas em fitoterápicos. Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 15, p. e224101522892-e224101522892, 2021.
DA SILVA, Ana Caroline; DE RODRIGUES LEITÃO, Joseana Martins Soares. Interações medicamentosas associadas a Ginkgo biloba L.: Revisão de literatura. Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 6, p. e13810615535-e13810615535, 2021.
DAS, Rajib et al. Ginkgo biloba: a treasure of functional phytochemicals with multimedicinal applications. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, v. 2022, 2022.
DE SOUZA, Gabriela Achete et al. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on diseases related to oxidative stress. Planta medica, v. 86, n. 06, p. 376-386, 2020.
DELERUE, Teresa et al. Interactions between Ginkgo biloba L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in multicomponent mixtures towards cholinesterase inhibition and ROS scavenging. Food Research International, v. 140, p. 109857, 2021.
DOĞAN, Selda; FİDAN, Hatice; ŞAHİN, Nefise. SIMULTANEOUS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES AND TERPENE LACTONES IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING GINKGO BILOBA L. LEAF EXTRACT BY LC-TOF/MS. Journal of Scientific Reports-A, n. 053, p. 41-58, 2023.
EISVAND, Farhad; RAZAVI, Bibi Marjan; HOSSEINZADEH, Hossein. The effects of Ginkgo biloba on metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytotherapy Research, v. 34, n. 8, p. 1798-1811, 2020.
ESSAWY, Amina E. et al. Anti-kindling effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and L-carnitine in the pentylenetetrazol model of epilepsy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 29, n. 32, p. 48573-48587, 2022.
IBRAHIM, Manal A.; RAMADAN, Hanan H.; MOHAMMED, Rasha N. Evidence that Ginkgo biloba could use in the influenza and coronavirus COVID-19 infections. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, v. 32, n. 3, p. 131-143, 2021.
FANG, Jiacheng et al. Extraction, structure and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba: A review. International journal of biological macromolecules, v. 162, p. 1897-1905, 2020.
FURLAN, Caroline Ribeiro; USHIROBIRA, Tânia Mara Antonelli. Possíveis interações no uso associado de plantas medicinais e medicamentos por pacientes de uma farmácia do interior do Paraná. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 7, n. 11, p. 104133-104141, 2021.
GOMES, Nair Leite; PINHEIRO, Paulo José; DOS SANTOS LIMA, Maria Joanellys. Principais interações medicamentosas na utilização de fitoterápicos no Brasil. Tópicos em Ciências da Saúde, v. 29, p. 66. 2022.
GUEDES, Clarice Moura et al. Toxicidade de Ginkgo biloba L., sem aditivação e associado a excipientes artificiais, em tecido meristemático. Stellata Editora. Itajubá, Minas Gerais, p. 1-29, 2020.
GUO, Jing et al. Overview and Recent Progress on the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 24, n. 19, p. 14604, 2023.
GUPTA, Aaryan et al. Evaluation of bioactive compounds obtained from Ginkgo biloba against crystal structure of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). OBM Neurobiology, v. 7, n. 4, p. 1-34, 2023.
HORT, Jakub; DUNING, Thomas; HOERR, Robert. Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 in the Treatment of Patients with Mild Neurocognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, p. 647-660, 2023.
KE, Jia et al. The synergistic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 and aspirin against platelet aggregation. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, p. 3543-3560, 2021.
LABKOVICH, Margarita et al. Ginkgo biloba extract in ophthalmic and systemic disease, with a focus on normal-tension glaucoma. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology, v. 9, n. 3, p. 215-225, 2020.
LEE, Beomgu et al. Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of systemic sclerosis. Animal Cells and Systems, v. 28, n. 1, p. 152-160, 2024.
LOPES, Lívia Cláudia Ferraro et al. Doença de alzheimer e Ginkgo biloba. International Journal of Health Management Review, v. 6, n. 2, 2020.
LOU, Jian-Shu et al. Ginkgo biloba: A Potential Anti-Cancer Agent. In: Medicinal Plants. IntechOpen, 2022.
LI, Liu et al. Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) ameliorates insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and liver injury in high fat diet-fed mice. Journal of Inflammation Research, p. 1959-1971, 2021.
LI, Junchi et al. Extraction and properties of Ginkgo biloba leaf polysaccharide and its phosphorylated derivative. Industrial Crops and Products, v. 189, p. 115822, 2022.
LI, Yueping et al. Systems pharmacology reveals the multi-level synergetic mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves for cardiomyopathy treatment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 264, p. 113279, 2021.
LI, Yueping et al. The potential of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of human diseases and the relationship to Nrf2–mediated antioxidant protection. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, v. 74, n. 12, p. 1689-1699, 2022.
LYU, Shaohua et al. Real-world Chinese herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease: a hospital-based retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, v. 16, p. 1362948, 2024.
MORE, Manisha P. et al. Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Ginkgo biloba. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 16, n. 2, p. 229-240, 2021.
NGUYEN, Tran; ALZAHRANI, Talal. Ginkgo biloba. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, 2023.
NOWAK, Anna et al. The use of Ginkgo biloba L. as a neuroprotective agent in the Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, v. 12, p. 775034, 2021.
OKHTI, Zahraa Ahmed; ABDALAH, Mayssaa E.; HANNA, Dalya Basil. Phytochemical structure and Biological Effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves: A review. International Journal of Pharmacological Research, v. 13, n. 2, 2021.
PAGOTTO, Guilherme Lopes de Oliveira et al. Ginkgo biloba: A Leaf of Hope in the Fight against Alzheimer’s Dementia: Clinical Trial Systematic Review. Antioxidants, v. 13, n. 6, p. 651, 2024.
VALENTE, Caroline. GINKGO BILOBA: APLICAÇÕES DA PLANTA PARA DISTÚRBIOS DE MEMÓRIA. Acta Elit Salutis, v. 5, n. 1. 2021.
RADUNZ, Camila L. et al. Estudo clínico randomizado da eficácia da prótese auditiva associada ao extrato de Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) na melhoria do zumbido. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, v. 86, p. 734-742, 2020.
ŠAMEC, Dunja et al. Biflavonoids: Important contributions to the health benefits of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.). Plants, v. 11, n. 10, p. 1381, 2022.
SARECKA-HUJAR, Beata; SZULC-MUSIOŁ, Beata. Herbal medicines—are they effective and safe during pregnancy?. Pharmaceutics, v. 14, n. 1, p. 171, 2022.
SHARMA, Garima et al. Protective potential of Ginkgo biloba against an ADHD-like condition. Current Molecular Pharmacology, v. 14, n. 2, p. 200-209, 2021.
SILVA, Henrique; MARTINS, Filipe Gazalho. Cardiovascular activity of Ginkgo biloba—An insight from healthy subjects. Biology, v. 12, n. 1, p. 15, 2022.
SIROTKIN, Alexander V. Potential effets of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, L.) on female reproduction. Reproductive Biology, v. 21, n. 4, p. 100568, 2021.
SUN, Jie et al. Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts on diabetes. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, v. 142, p. 111977, 2021.
TALREJA, Shreya; TIWARI, Shashank. An In Depth Exploration of Ginkgo biloba: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 1, n. 07, p. 1-1, 2023.
TAO, Yi et al. Pharmacokinetic, metabolism, and metabolomic strategies provide deep insight into the underlying mechanism of Ginkgo biloba flavonoids in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in Nutrition, v. 9, p. 857370, 2022.
TEIXEIRA, Lucas da Silva et al. Interactions of allopathic drugs with Ginkgo biloba and Valeriana officinalis herbal medicines. Research, Society and Development; v. 10 n. 12, 2021.
XIE, Liming; ZHU, Qi; LU, Jiahong. Can we use Ginkgo biloba extract to treat Alzheimer’s disease? Lessons from preclinical and clinical studies. Cells, v. 11, n. 3, p. 479, 2022.
WANG, Huimin et al. Ginkgo biloba seed exocarp: A waste resource with abundant active substances and other components for potential applications. Food Research International, v. 160, p. 111637, 2022.
WANG, Hongyun; YUAN, Meilin; ZOU, Xinrong. Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba for patients with early diabetic nephropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, v. 99, n. 35, p. e21959, 2020.
YE, Weile et al. Anti-atherosclerotic effects and molecular targets of Ginkgolide B from Ginkgo biloba. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2023.
YU, Dingyi et al. Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, v. 11, n. 2, p. 220-231, 2021.
ZAMBERLAM, Cláudia Raquel; DOS SANTOS, Adauto Luiz. HOMEOPATIA NO TRATAMENTO DA ANSIEDADE. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação, v. 7, n. 2, p. 25-25, 2021.
ZHANG, Wen et al. A comprehensive review of Ginkgotoxin and Ginkgotoxin-5′-glucoside in Ginkgo biloba L. seeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, p. 105726, 2023.
ZONOUZ, Aidin Mohammadi; RAHBARDAR, Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh; HOSSEINZADEH, Hossein. The molecular mechanisms of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review. Phytomedicine, p. 155352, 2024.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Mato-grossense de Saúde
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
